Comparative Simulation and Performance Analysis of Passive and Active Cell Balancing Topologies in Battery Management Systems for Electric Vehicles
Over the last decade, the proliferation of electric vehicles (EVs) has highlighted the importance of robust battery management systems (BMSs) to mitigate cell imbalance driven by manufacturing tolerances, thermal gradients, and non-uniform aging. To address these limitations, this study presents a MATLAB R2023b/Simulin...