Unsupervised damage detection using singular-vector feature maps and 2D convolutional autoencoders: Validation on a multi-state shear-frame experiment
We present an unsupervised, vibration-based damage detection framework that integrates a new cross-spectral feature with a deep convolutional autoencoder (CAE). While autoencoders have been widely explored for analyzing time-series responses, the use of spectral features—and particularly those exploiting cross-spectral...