Oktaviano Catur Arya

Bioremediation of Former Coal Mining Land Using Natural Organic Matter

Background: Post-coal-mining soils are typically characterized by severe edaphic degradation, including acidic pH, low cation exchange capacity (CEC), nutrient deficiencies, and reduced microbial activity. Methods: This study evaluated the effectiveness of compost, manure, and biochar applied at 0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 10% (...