Author

Osama Zafar

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Preprint Aug 2026

Auditing Cross-Lingual Fairness in Language Model Watermarking

Watermarking schemes for large language model output are evaluated almost exclusively on English text using each scheme's detection threshold and a narrow set of quality measurements. Multilingual deployment exposes evaluation-design choices that are inconsequential on English but determine conclusions cross-lingually....

Alexander Nemecek, Osama Zafar, Debargha Ganguly et al. · 1 citation

Preprint Aug 2026

Beyond Detection: Evaluating Defensive LLMs Against AI-Generated Social Engineering in Live Turn-by-Turn Interaction

Generative AI makes social-engineering attacks more fluent, adaptive, and scalable, increasing the need for LLM-based de- fenders that can protect users during ongoing interactions. We ask whether such defenders identify the structural source of risk or merely react to surface cues. We formalize trust-chain localizatio...

Yu-Qiao Xu, Osama Zafar, Alexander Nemecek et al. · 0 citations