2026
What Does Goodness Measure? A Likelihood-Ratio Account of Forward-Forward Learning
Paolo Giannitrapani
· arXiv.org · 0 citations
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Preprint
Jul 2026
Gauge-Fixing the Forward-Forward Objective: A Whitened Goodness Derived from a Likelihood-Ratio Account
The Forward-Forward algorithm trains each layer locally, so that a scalar goodness - the sum of squared activations - is high on real inputs and low on contrastive ones. Under an explicit generative model this goodness is the sufficient statistic of a likelihood-ratio test, and the pairwise form of the objective admits...
Paolo Giannitrapani
· 0 citations