Melanoma remains one of the most aggressive forms of skin cancer; however, the development of modern immunotherapeutic strategies has significantly improved the prognosis for a subset of patients. This review aims to discuss current and emerging treatment approaches based on modulation of the immune response, with particular emphasis on immune checkpoint inhibitors, targeted therapies, and mRNA vaccines. The mechanisms of action of antibodies targeting CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1, their clinical efficacy, and the characteristic immune-related adverse events are presented. The review also discusses targeted therapies directed against BRAF and MEK mutations, as well as the rationale for combining these agents with immunotherapy to overcome treatment resistance. Furthermore, the emerging role of personalized mRNA vaccines designed according to the tumor neoantigen profile and the preliminary results of clinical trials are summarized. The importance of predictive biomarkers for patient selection and future directions in combination therapies are also highlighted. Overall, this review synthesizes the current state of knowledge and outlines promising opportunities for further improving treatment outcomes in patients with melanoma.
Artur Marcysiak, Patrycja Mularczyk, Nina Polek et al.· International Journal of Inn...· 0 citations
Introduction: Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being used in psychiatry, with side effects on solutions stemming from the subjectivity of diagnosis, limited care, and biological complexity, which is subject to threats. Mental disorders affect 293 million people worldwide and pose a burden on human health [9].
Aim: The aim of this review is to summarize the current state of knowledge on AI applications in psychiatric diagnostics, with specific focus on: (1) analysis of communication traffic of AI algorithms, (2) analysis of the results of AI-based primary control, (3) extension of methodological and ethical implications, and (4) extension of research.
Methods: A review of the research literature was conducted in the field of Basic Language Processing (NLP) in digital phenotyping, AI-assisted neuroimaging, and the ethical and legal implications of implementing these technologies. Meta-analyses, specific reviews, and original empirical studies completed between 2015 and 2026 were analyzed.
Results: A meta-analysis reported a cumulative AI diagnostic accuracy of 85% and a therapeutic efficacy of 84% in specific applications [8]. NLP enabled independent assessment, achieving an 86% (AUC 0.93) in studies on psychosis risk states [18]. Chatbots (Woebot, Wysa, Youper) demonstrate the consequences of problem occurrence and anxiety [9]. A review of 555 neuroimaging models revealed that 83.1% of the symptoms appear as a consequence rather than being triggered by a utility [32]. The most important ethical concerns were identified, including algorithm opacity ("black box"), liability, and data privacy [54, 56, 61].
Conclusions: AI in psychiatric diagnostics has demonstrated transformative potential, particularly in the areas of NLP and digital phenotyping, but current neuroimaging models require methodological improvements. The development of comprehensive ethical frameworks and extensions, simple algorithms, and model validation in large, population-based cohorts are essential. The ultimate success of AI in psychiatry will depend on striking a balance between technological innovation and respect for fundamental ethical values, while maintaining a paramount clinical role in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.
Wiktor Rybicki, Radosław Dutczak, Aleksandra Sobieska et al.· International Journal of Inn...· 0 citations
