Developing an early warning indicator for strongly forced systems far from equilibrium: increased variance of the quasi-equilibrium
Early warning indicators (EWIs) have been developed in an attempt to forewarn of approaching tipping points. In the case of bifurcation-induced tipping (Ashwin et al 2025 Proc. R. Soc. A 481 20250405), the most commonly used EWIs are related to the phenomenon of ‘Critical Slowing Down (CSD)’, which involves an increase...