The role of the gut–brain axis in the pathogenesis of depression and anxiety disorders: The significance of microbiota, bacterial metabolites, and vagus nerve signalling — A systematic review
Introduction and aim: Depression and anxiety disorders are leading causes of disability worldwide, and many patients respond inadequately to conventional treatment. The microbiota–gut–brain axis has emerged as a candidate contributor to their pathogenesis. This review aimed to synthesise mechanistic and clinical eviden...