Paweł Grzesikowski

TREATMENT STRATEGIES FOR AVASCULAR NECROSIS OF THE FEMORAL HEAD: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Introduction: Avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH) is a progressive condition caused by impaired blood supply to the subchondral bone, leading to femoral head collapse, cartilage damage, and secondary hip osteoarthritis. Major risk factors include corticosteroid therapy, trauma, and chronic alcohol consumption...