Pawnprapa Pitakjakpipop

Catalytic Valorization of Palm-Based Fatty Acids into High-Performance Estolide Ester Lubricants

Lubricants derived from petroleum, a nonrenewable resource, raise increasing concerns regarding environmental impact and long-term sustainability, driving demand for renewable alternatives. Vegetable oils are promising candidates; however, their direct use is limited by poor oxidative stability and inadequate low-tem...