Author

Pedro B. Água

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Review 2026

Developing Command Capability Throughout the Career: A Competency-Based Model for Leadership and Communication in the Navy

The increasing complexity of the maritime operational environment demands a shift from fragmented training to a longitudinal development of military officers’ competencies. While previous research at the Portuguese Naval Academy validated a staged approach for initial training, subsequent studies identified structural...

Ivo Soares, Mariana Baptista, Pedro B. Água et al. · AHFE International · 0 citations

2026

Jazz as an Organizing Logic. Leadership: Improvisation and Coordination in Complex Systems Operations

Complex systems operations—such as emergency response, defence, and critical infrastructure management—require the simultaneous integration of stability, adaptability, and real-time decision-making under conditions of uncertainty. Traditional hierarchical models provide control but often lack responsiveness, whereas fu...

Pedro B. Água, Anacleto Correia, António Gonçalves et al. · AHFE International · 0 citations

Open access 2026

Systems-of-Systems: Engineering or Construct?

The concept of Systems-of-Systems (SoS) has become increasingly important across domains such as engineering, defence, healthcare, and digital infrastructure, describing complex assemblies of independent systems that collectively deliver capabilities beyond individual components. However, the concept remains debated: a...

Pedro B. Água, A. Correia, António Gonçalves · AHFE International · 0 citations