Peiman Prandeh Afshar

Effects of ileostomy and colostomy care training app versus video on caregiver anxiety and self-efficacy

A stoma is a surgically created opening in the abdomen that allows waste to exit the body. This procedure is often required for conditions like cancer or bowel disease. Living with a stoma brings significant physical, psychological, and social challenges for both patients and their caregivers. Caregivers often expe...