Direct Shear Behavior of Silty-Loam–Concrete Interfaces Subjected to Freeze–Thaw Cycling: An Experimental and DIC Investigation
Freeze–thaw cycling can alter soil–structure interface response in seasonally frozen regions. This study investigated the direct-shear behavior of a commercially sourced silty-loam–concrete interface subjected to sealed freeze–thaw cycling. A 25-condition mixed-level design based on the standard L25(56) orthogonal arra...