Comparative Analysis of Postoperative Visual Outcomes Following Phacoemulsification and Small Incision Cataract Surgery
Background: Cataract remains a leading cause of visual impairment worldwide, with surgical intervention being the definitive treatment. Phacoemulsification and small incision cataract surgery (SICS) are commonly performed techniques, yet comparative postoperative outcomes require further evaluation. Aim: To compare postoperative visual outcomes and complication rates following phacoemulsification and SICS in patients with senile cataract. Methodology: A hospital-based, observational study was conducted on 200 patients (100 per group) at Department of Ophthalmology, Bhagwan Mahaveer Institute of Medical Sciences,Pawapuri, Bihar, India. Patients underwent either phacoemulsification or SICS and were followed for 28 days. Postoperative uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using independent t-tests and chi-square tests. Results: Mean UCVA at 28 days was 0.52 ± 0.48 logMAR (~6/18) in the phaco group and 0.61 ± 0.55 logMAR (~6/24) in the SICS group (p = 0.184). Normal vision (≥6/18) was achieved in 58% of phaco patients and 50% of SICS patients (p = 0.256). Intraoperative and postoperative complication rates were comparable between groups, with no statistically significant differences. Conclusion: Both phacoemulsification and SICS provide favorable postoperative visual outcomes with similar safety profiles. Phacoemulsification shows a modest, non-significant advantage in early visual recovery, but both techniques remain effective and safe.