Pragati Pal

Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) Damage Severity on Maize Crops in Farmers’ Field Conditions in Kathmandu Valley

Maize, a major staple crop that is essential for Nepal's food security and rural livelihoods, is increasingly threatened by the invasive fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith), which causes substantial yield losses while farmers' heavy reliance on indiscriminate pesticide use and limited knowledge of sustaina...