The digitalization of the technologies has vastly enhanced the risk of cyber-attacks to the financial institutions, government, and users. The conventional defensive mechanisms usually are wanting whenever there is an emergence of offensive tactics. To overcome these restrictions, new advances on cryptography specially the Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs) have recently been found as an impressive technique to accomplish secure authentication, privacy preservation, and data integrity. This paper explores the cryptographic implications behind ZKPs such as improving the cyber security of systems and applications and the future developments involving the solution in blockchain, secure identity management, and Internet of Things (IoT) environments. The paper also covers some of the main limitations such as scalability, regulation readiness and complexity of implementation alongside the future research direction that can help establish an even greater presence of ZKPs in a privacy-focused cyber security system.
Veer Bobade, Sumit Ladwan, Prathmesh Waghmare et al.· 2026 International Conferenc...· 0 citations
Blockchain technology has expanded from a system of verifying and recording peer-to-peer cryptocurrency transactions to a general-purpose system that has the capability to execute self-enforcing agreements in a digital form, called a smart contract. Smart Contracts remove the need for a trusted third party by decentralizing the terms of contract between all nodes on a distributed network and distributing and verifying them as executable code. In this paper, three complementary research strands, which are present in the literature, are combined to give an overview of the smart contract research field: a systematic taxonomy of smart contract improvement and usage studies, the network-theoretic analysis of decentralized application (DApp) architecture using the contract and function call graph, and a bibliometric critical review of smart contract publications over the past decade. This paper explains how smart contracts work, asks some questions about the current smart contract development platforms, categorizes the current research efforts into modeling-driven, optimization-driven improvement categories and resource-driven and cross-organizational usage categories. This paper also examines small world and modular properties of the internal calls architecture of real-life DApps that directly affect security and resiliency. Applications in healthcare, supply chain management, finance, insurance, energy trading and philanthropy are mentioned, the various existing challenges such as reentrancy and other vulnerabilities, legal uncertainty, scalability limits, immutability trade-offs, oracles and inefficiency of consensus mechanisms examined. The paper finally presents a list of the research avenues that are emerging, such as Layer 2 scaling solutions, formal verification, AI-aided auditing, and quantum-resistant crypto.
Harshraj N. Gadbail, Rajendra M. Rewatkar, Nupur G. Kamdi et al.· 2026 International Conferenc...· 0 citations
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