EXECUTIVE DOMINANCE AND INSTITUTIONAL BYPASSING: RE-EVALUATING INDONESIA’S BEBAS-AKTIF DOCTRINE AND GLOBAL SOUTH ANCHOR ROLE IN AN ERA OF MULTIALIGNMENT
As of mid-2026, the international system is characterized by severe hyper-fragmentation. This volatility is exacerbated by the protracted conflict in Ukraine, Middle Eastern instability underscored by recent intelligence claims regarding Iranian nuclear capabilities, and the aggressive expansion of geo-economic trade w...