Open access
Jul 2026
From ESP-Permissive to ESP-Driven: Recontextualizing English in Indonesia’s Vocational Curriculum
Background Technical and vocational education and training (TVET) increasingly expects English to support workplace communication. In Indonesian vocational high schools (Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan, SMK), English is formally positioned as vocationally relevant, but curriculum instruments provide limited guidance on occup...
Putimasurai Putimasurai, Amirul Mukminin, U. Sulistiyo
· F1000Research · 0 citations