Physical Characteristics and Antibacterial Activity of Leaf Extract Gel Bougainvillea glabra against Staphylococcus aureus andEscherichia coli
Bacterial resistance to conventional antibiotics has driven the search for natural antibacterial agents. Paper flower (Bougainvillea glabra) leaves contain secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, and steroids/terpenoids that are potentially antibacterial, yet their application in topical...