Qian Du

Essential element and toxic metal dyshomeostasis in childhood autism spectrum disorder: a comprehensive narrative review of correlations, tissue-specific distribution, and multifactorial regulation

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social communication and repetitive stereotyped behaviors, with a rising global prevalence. Its etiology involves genetic, environmental, and epigenetic interactions, among which essential elements [including trace elements such a...