Seismic Response and Fragility of Rectangular RC Hollow Tall Piers Under Near-Fault Ground Motions Considering Flexure–Shear Interaction
Rectangular reinforced concrete (RC) hollow bridge piers may exhibit significant shear participation after flexural cracking and yielding, whereas their seismic responses are commonly evaluated using flexure-dominated numerical models. This study investigates the effects of axial–flexure–shear interactions on the cycli...