Review
Open access
Sep 2026
Beyond local control: radiotherapy–immunotherapy combinations from in situ vaccination to systemic immune remodeling
Background Radiotherapy (RT) is evolving from local cytotoxicity to systemic immunomodulation. Acting as an in situ vaccine, RT initiates antitumor immunity via immunogenic cell death and cGAS-STING activation. However, RT concurrently triggers counter-regulatory immunosuppression—upregulating PD-L1/TGF-β, expanding Tr...
Yu-Long Wen, Nan-Nan Cheng, Sheng Zhou et al.
· Frontiers in Genetics · 0 citations