STRENGTHENING PRE-SERVICE BIOLOGY TEACHERS' COMPETENCIES IN DEVELOPING HOTS-ORIENTED COGNITIVE ASSESSMENTS THROUGH THE ASSESSMENT LINK APPLICATION AT UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA
The growing emphasis on Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) in twenty-first-century education requires pre-service teachers to possess adequate competencies in designing cognitive assessments aligned with the revised Bloom's Taxonomy. However, many pre-service biology teachers continue to experience difficulties in con...