R. Salama

Operational management of Nile water intakes: assessing safe submergence against ship and wind-induced vortexing

Water intakes in navigable rivers like the Nile face significant risks of air-entraining vortices due to ship- and wind-induced surface fluctuations, which conventional static submergence criteria fail to address. This study evaluates these dynamic effects and develops an integrated framework for determining Safe Minim...