Rafaela Gonçalves Bueno

The relationship between smoking and the cardiovascular health of athletes and exercisers: a systematic review on risks, performance and prevention

Introduction: Smoking is a leading preventable cause of cardiovascular disease worldwide. Its deleterious effects, including endothelial dysfunction, increased arterial stiffness, and hypertension, are well established in the general population. However, the assumption that physical fitness may neutralize these risks i...