Ai In Indian Judiciary: A Comprehensive Study Evaluating Operational Deployments, Administrative Obstacles, And Supreme Court Directives
Abstract The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into the Indian judiciary represents a paradigm shift toward modernizing legal administration, enhancing processing efficiencies, and addressing massive case backlogs that have historically strained the justice delivery system. India's judiciary, burdened by one of the largest case pendency figures in the world, has increasingly turned toward digital and computational tools to reduce procedural delay without compromising the constitutional guarantees owed to litigants. This comprehensive research article evaluates operational deployments, administrative obstacles, and Supreme Court directives governing AI usage under the e-Courts framework. It examines the operational boundaries established by the Supreme Court White Paper, the active AI assistive ecosystem (including SUVAS, SUPACE, and LegRAA), legal integrity and professional accountability concerning generative AI hallucinations, and structural process engineering integrated under Phase-III. The study further situates these developments within a constitutional and comparative framework, arguing that India's cautious, human-centred model of AI adoption offers a template that other developing judiciaries may study as they confront similar backlogs, resource constraints, and linguistic diversity. The paper concludes that sustained capacity building, rigorous ethical audits, and close collaboration between the legal profession and technologists will determine whether AI ultimately strengthens, rather than erodes, public confidence in the administration of justice.