Migration to Quantum Safe Blockchains: A Compact Architecture Using MPPK Key Encapsulation Mechanism and HPPK Digital Signatures
The advent of quantum computing threatens the public-key cryptography that underlies modern blockchains, including ECDSA, Ed25519, and ECDH. Although NIST has standardized lattice-based schemes (ML-KEM and ML-DSA) as quantum-safe standards, their large key and signature sizes (several kilobytes each) pose scalability c...