This review examines experimental and clinical evidence describing oxidative stress, inflammatory signaling, epithelial barrier dysfunction, gut dysbiosis, immune activation, and endocrine interference associated with MP and NP exposure, and synthesizes evidence on inhalation, ingestion, and dermal exposure.
Rasha Osman, Meera Kussai, Ula Abdulrahman et al.· Journal of environmental sci...· 0 citations
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