Well-Scale Groundwater-Level Forecasting and Gap Reconstruction in Qatar’s Arid Aquifer Using Interpretable XGBoost
Reliable use of machine learning in groundwater management requires a clear distinction between forecasting, reconstruction, and spatial extrapolation. This study evaluates eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) as a data-driven methodological benchmark, not as a process-based groundwater-flow model or monitoring-network...