Author

Richard A. Oram

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Open access Aug 2026

Genetic association stratified by HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR4 status reveals heterogeneity in pathways of progression to type 1 diabetes.

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS There are substantial differences in the clinical presentation of type 1 diabetes depending on the first-developing autoantibody, although the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. The DR3-DQ2 (DR3) and DR4-DQ8 (DR4) haplotypes at the MHC locus associate with GADA and IAA as the first-developing...

A. Luckett, Carolyn McGrail, K. Murrall et al. · Diabetologia · 0 citations

Open access Sep 2026

A Novel PD-L1 Splice Isoform Modulates β Cell Communication in Response to Interferon Signaling

β cell expression of the immune checkpoint ligand PD-L1 (encoded by CD274) limits autoimmune β cell destruction in type 1 diabetes (T1D). β cell display PD-L1 not only at the cell surface but also secreted on extracellular vesicles (EVs), which bind PD-1 and restrain CD8+ T cell activation. β cell IFN signaling is an e...

Chaitra Rao, Fei Huang, Saptarshi Roy et al. · bioRxiv · 0 citations