Low-concentration dual-baricity thoracic segmental spinal anesthesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a retrospective case series
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is usually performed under general anesthesia (GA), which provides airway protection and optimal surgical conditions but may expose vulnerable patients to cardiopulmonary stress and other anesthesia-related adverse effects. Thoracic segmental spinal anesthesia (TSSA) may represent an a...