Robin Ohs

Dark Clouds Rising in Low-Earth Orbit: On Environmental Limits to Massive Orbital AI

In 2026, we saw rising numbers of proposals for orbital data centers to facilitate AI, e.g., by SpaceX (up to one million satellites), Blue Origin, and Google—yet none include rigorous lifecycle sustainability analysis. We present ESpaS-ODC, a lifecycle carbon model that accounts for the three subsystems physically una...