Roei Eshel

Approved Too Late: Verdict Staleness in LLM-Guarded Self-Adaptive Systems

A large language model (LLM) guardrail for a self-adaptive system (SAS) may issue an approval that is correct at check time but stale by actuation. This creates an Execute-stage time-of-check to time-of-use (TOCTOU) hazard. We study verdict freshness: whether a guardrail verdict remains valid when used. We distinguish...