Open access
Sep 2026
Spatiotemporal Evolution of CO2 Emissions from Fossil Fuel Combustion, Cement Production, and Gas Flaring at the County Scale in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region Based on Landscape Pattern Metrics, 2000–2020
How landscape configuration relates to carbon emissions at the county scale, including spatial spillovers and local heterogeneity, remains insufficiently resolved. Here, we analyze 199 county-level units in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region using data from 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. We combine landscape pat...
Yuxuan Ke, Dong-Ya Liu, An-Ya Li et al.
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