Does Firms' Environmental, Social and Governance ( ESG ) Performance Buffer the Crash‐Risk Consequences of Earnings Management? Evidence From Emerging Markets
When firms manipulate earnings, investors can be blindsided by sudden and severe share price falls. This paper examines whether stronger Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance helps reduce that risk. Using 4048 firm‐year observations from emerging economies, we test whether ESG performance weakens th...