S. H. Okasha

Techno-economic and environmental assessment of HFO, LNG, and ammonia under the red sea crisis and IMO carbon pricing: an OPEX-based multi-scenario analysis of Suez Canal and Cape of Good Hope routing

The maritime shipping industry faces increasing pressure to decarbonise, with alternative fuels emerging as key pathways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This study develops an operational expenditure -based multi-scenario framework to evaluate the techno-economic and environmental performance of alternative marine...