Porcine circovirus type 2d (PCV2d) is the predominant genotype etiological agent of porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD), causes substantial economic losses to the swine industry worldwide, including in India. Since currently available vaccines are mainly based on the PCV2a genotype, which is unable to offer cross protective immunity against emerging PCV2d strains, development of PCV2d specific vaccine is necessary. In this study, an indigenous virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccine candidate was developed using the capsid coding gene (orf2) of an Indian PCV2d isolate expressed in a baculovirus-insect cell system. Recombinant capsid protein expression and self-assembly into VLPs were confirmed by Western blotting and transmission electron microscopy. The purified VLPs showed favourable thermostability as well as pH stability and elicited strong humoral and cellular immune responses in in vivo porcine model. A delayed booster immunization strategy resulted in prolonged antibody persistence. In further, in vivo challenge study with virulent homologous PCV2d virus vaccinated animals were protected against PCV2 clinical signs. Further, absence of detectable viral DNA in swab and tissue samples, and markedly alleviated histopathological lesions compared with unvaccinated controls animals. Overall, these findings suggest that the indigenous PCV2d VLP vaccine candidate is highly immunogenic and provides protective immunity against homologous PCV2d challenge, highlighting its potential indigenous vaccine candidate for controlling PCVAD against PCV2d.
Rajib Deb, H. K. Maity, K. Samanta et al.· Microbial Pathogenesis· 0 citations
The rumen microbiome is a key factor influencing feed efficiency and milk production in ruminants. However, most studies have focused on the bacterial and archaeal components, with the fungal fraction of the rumen being relatively understudied. The unique ability of anaerobic rumen fungi of the phylum Neocallimastigomycota to colonize and degrade lignocellulosic biomass in the rumen through mechanical disruption of plant cell walls has now made them well known as important functional members of the rumen ecosystem. These fungi are armed with a plethora of carbohydrate-active enzymes degrading fiber and increase the availability of substrates for microbial fermentation. This leads to increased production of volatile fatty acids, especially acetate, which is a major precursor for milk fat production. Recent research evidence has indicated that rumen fungal communities are associated with feed efficiency, fermentation dynamics, and milk composition traits such as fat and protein content in bovine ruminants such as cattle and buffalo. However, most of the studies available are correlative, and the direct causal relationships between fungal activity and milk productivity are poorly delineated. High-throughput sequencing and multi-omics approaches have broadened our knowledge of fungal diversity and function; however, there are still limitations in reference databases and methodological biases. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the diversity, ecological roles, and functional contributions of anaerobic rumen fungi, with special reference to their association with milk production. It also highlights significant methodological and conceptual gaps and proposes future avenues for the integration of fungal ecology into microbiome-based approaches to improve dairy productivity. We need a holistic multi-kingdom view of the rumen microbiome to design efficient and sustainable dairy production systems.
Gurpreet Singh, Lavika, Nandini et al.· Frontiers in Fungal Biology· 0 citations
We use cookies to run the site and, with your consent, for analytics and to show ads.
See our Cookie Policy.
