Simple Summary Small cell lung cancer is one of the fastest-growing and most difficult lung cancers to treat. It often spreads early, responds well at first to chemotherapy and radiation, but usually returns and becomes resistant to treatment. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the disease and improving patient care. The most important changes include adding immune-based treatment to chemotherapy for widespread disease, using durvalumab after combined chemotherapy and radiation for disease limited to the chest, and introducing tarlatamab for cancer that has returned after prior treatment. Tarlatamab works by helping immune cells recognize and attack cancer cells. Researchers are also studying blood-based tests that detect tumor material, molecular subtypes of the disease, and other markers that may help predict treatment response. Despite these advances, long-term survival remains poor, and challenges such as treatment resistance, spread to the brain, side effects, and the lack of reliable predictive tests remain. Continued research is needed to select treatments more precisely, detect relapse earlier, and achieve longer-lasting disease control for patients.
S. Peshin, E. Takrori, M. S. Mithani et al.· Cancers· 0 citations
The incidence of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is increasing globally, and PDAC remains one of the deadliest malignancies, primarily because of late-stage presentation at diagnosis and limited effective therapies. KRAS mutations are present in approximately 88–92% of PDAC cases, making KRAS an important therapeutic target in PDAC, despite its long-standing historical classification as being “undruggable.” This review comprehensively examines the role of KRAS in pancreatic cancer and summarizes both indirect and direct KRAS-targeted therapeutic strategies, including downstream pathway inhibition, metabolic targeting, and emerging direct KRAS inhibitors. The ongoing clinical trials are essential for establishing the efficacy of these emerging therapies, which are poised to gradually transition into clinical practice and ultimately improve patient outcomes. A major challenge with KRAS-targeted therapy is drug resistance, which occurs through both on-target and bypass mechanisms, but emerging combination strategies targeting parallel pathways show promise. Combination approaches involving chemotherapy, immunotherapy, PRMT5 inhibition, and tumor microenvironment targeting are being actively studied to overcome resistance. Overall, KRAS-directed therapies represent a significant and evolving advancement with the potential to improve outcomes in pancreatic cancer.
S. Peshin, Afra Zahid, E. Takrori et al.· Cancers· 0 citations
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