Role of Gut Microbiome-derived Trimethylamine N-oxide and Short-chain Fatty Acids in Heart Failure Outcomes: A Narrative Review.
INTRODUCTION HF continues to be a serious medical problem all over the world, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality despite advancements in therapeutic strategies. Current research indicates the involvement of the gut-heart axis in HF. Gut microbiome metabolites, including TMAO and SCFAs, affect heart struct...