S. Sulaiman

Underground Fault Detection and Classification: An Explainable, SCADA-Ready Pipeline with Adaptive DWT and Compact CNN-Transformer

An explainable, SCADA-ready pipeline that couples adaptive discrete wavelet transform (ADWT) feature extraction with a compact convolutional neural network-Transformer (CNN-Transformer) classifier is presented, demonstrating an accuracy-efficiency-interpretability trade-off for underground-cable fault diagnosis.