Hypoxia and epithelial to mesenchymal transition pathways are enriched in bladder tumor epithelium adjacent to tertiary lymphoid structures
Findings indicate that a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment associated with disease progression in bladder cancer exists within peri-tumoral TLS and potentially a factor underlying contrasting therapeutic associations potentially driven by live microbial versus targeted immunomodulatory therapy in NMIBC and MIBC.