Ligand recognition of the HIV-1 LTR-III G-quadruplex in dilute and protein condensate environments reveals hidden dual binding modes.
G-quadruplex (GQ) structures within the HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) regulate viral transcription and represent promising antiviral targets; however, a detailed mechanistic understanding of their ligand recognition at the molecular level remains limited and has largely been investigated under dilute conditions desp...