Epidemiological characteristics and structural-functional implications of spike protein variations in a bovine coronavirus isolate from diarrheic calves
ABSTRACT Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is an important pathogen associated with enteric disease in calves, contributing to significant economic losses worldwide. To provide an updated overview of BCoV epidemiology, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published up to October 2025. Seventy-two eligi...