Human iPSC-derived vascularized organoids: strategy-based insights from 2D endothelial cells to 3D blood vessel organoids
Organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have emerged as powerful in vitro models for studying development, disease, and therapeutic responses, yet their lack of functional vasculature limits growth, maturation, and physiological relevance. Early vascularization strategies relied on human umbilical ve...