Seongyeon Lim

Material-Dependent, Agitation-Free Fermentation on 3D-Printed Polymer Matrices: Lactic Acid Bacteria Surpass Shaken Cultures

Industrial fermentation relies on mechanically agitated submerged culture, in which impeller-driven mixing improves oxygen and nutrient transfer but imposes an energy penalty and a hydrodynamic shear field that stresses cells. Solid supports offer an agitation-free alternative, yet their surface is typically ill-define...