Stage-dependent predation by Euagoras plagiatus against Spodoptera frugiperda and Helicoverpa armigera larvae under laboratory conditions.
BACKGROUND Spodoptera frugiperda and Helicoverpa armigera are destructive noctuid pests resistant to multiple pesticides. This study quantified predatory performance, functional response, searching efficiency, and prey preference across developmental stages of Euagoras plagiatus against second-instar larvae of both pes...