Evidence-Centered Radiographic Grading of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Review of Deep Learning, Ordinal Modeling, Fusion, and Explainable AI
Automated severity grading of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) has progressed from handcrafted descriptors to deep networks, ordinal objective, attention mechanism and multimodal learning, and explainable artificial intelligence. The source presentation motivating this review focuses on fusion of complementary structur-al and...