Oxygen-Gradient-Responsive Photosensitizing Gadolinium Phthalocyaninate for Self-Adaptive Type II/I Photodynamic Therapy Toward Heterogeneous Tumor Suppression.
The intrinsic spatial heterogeneity of oxygen within solid tumors remains a formidable barrier to photodynamic therapy (PDT). Traditional Type II photosensitizers are incapacitated by hypoxia, while oxygen-independent Type I agents are generally hindered by a kinetic bottleneck in reactive oxygen species (ROS) producti...