It is proved that certifying exact population ties is impossible in finite time, and that the assignment of outcomes to checkpoints carries information beyond marginal outcome distributions, and proposed four diagnostic quantities that expose this failure mode with no additional data collection.
Dong Xu, Zhang-Fan Yang, Jian-Tao Wu et al.· 0 citations
When an agent reuses logged experience, a changed decision may reflect the recorded score, the action's name, or the record's position in storage. Standard memory evaluations do not reveal which relationship drives that change. We introduce ReplayLens, a black-box audit that changes one relationship in the stored histo...
Dong Xu, Zhang-Fan Yang, Jian-Tao Wu et al.· 0 citations
Processing the same records in a different order can discard different evidence, yet endpoint accuracy alone cannot reveal what changed or whether it mattered. We introduce RoutePrism, a diagnostic protocol that builds memory twice from the same source pool in two processing orders, then traces which sources, compiled...
Dong Xu, Zhang-Fan Yang, Jian-Tao Wu et al.· 0 citations
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