Efficacy of opioid-free versus opioid-inclusive anesthesia on postoperative nausea, vomiting, and quality of recovery in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is common after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). Opioid-free anesthesia (OFA) may reduce PONV; however, procedure-specific evidence remains limited. This review evaluated the effects of OFA versus opioid-inclusive anesthesia (OIA) on PONV, pain, and recove...